Options
Stakeholders were asked to suggest water management options to address the challenges specified by stakeholders in the Pedieos, Rmel, Tordera and Vipava river basins.
The BeWater project team refined the formulation, evaluated the impacts and identified co-benefits for no fewer than 102 water management options in total for the four river basins.
Pedieos, Cyprus
Management options in Pedieos
To address the challenges in the Pedieos river basin, the Bewater project identified and evaluated 30 water management options in total. Each challenge is addressed by at least 10 options. Some of the options address more than one challenge.
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Click on the image to enlarge or download the PDF |
The 30 water management options are briefly described below. More details on these options for the Pedieos river basin can be found in its River Basin Adaptation Plan.
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Improved irrigation technologies |
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Borehole licences and water meters |
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Water pricing enforcement |
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Use of treated sewage water for irrigation and green infrastructure |
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Water desalination |
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Farm education |
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Improve plant genetic resources bank and use of drought resistant agricultural crops |
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Dynamic dam water management |
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Awareness campaign for local society |
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Agrotourism development |
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Domestic water saving equipment |
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Maintenance and repair of water distribution networks |
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Code of Good Agricultural Practices enforcement |
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Grazing control |
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Improve plant genetic resources bank and use of drought resistant forest species |
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Hydrological studies |
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Dam demolition |
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Integrated waste management |
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Construction of multi-purpose cycling/walking paths across the river |
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Volunteerism |
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Rainwater harvesting systems |
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Improve plant genetic resources bank and use of drought resistant plants in green infrastructures |
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Fire safety measures |
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Improving land zonation |
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Improve stakeholders' cooperation |
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Restoration and maintenance of riverbed |
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River runoff retention and groundwater recharge systems |
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Sustainable urban drainage systems |
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Construction of flood protection works |
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Cooperation for storm water drainage system |
Rmel, Tunisia
Management options in Rmel
To address the challenges in the Rmel river basin, the Bewater project identified and evaluated 19 water management options in total.
| Click on the image to enlarge or download the PDF {gallery}results/options/rmel/gallery{/gallery} Overview of the challenges and their potential solutions |
The 19 water management options are linked to the six challenges for Rmel river basin and are briefly described below. More details on these options for the Rmel river basin can be found in its River Basin Adaptation Plan.
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Promote new water and soil conservation techniques. |
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Consolidation of existing water and soil conservation techniques. |
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Creation and rehabilitation of hydraulic infrastructure |
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Application of taxes. |
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Improvement of the treatment of waste water. |
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Water discharge control. |
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Developing agricultural cooperatives. |
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Good use of agriculture land. |
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Developing financial awareness tools. |
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Use of water irrigation technologies |
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Reduction of society pressure on forests |
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Protection against forest fire |
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Introduction of new agro forestry species and enrichment of existing forest. |
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Better governance of forest resources |
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Awareness campaign and learning |
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Improved decision making |
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Promote projects that generate more income. |
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Encourage investments |
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Developing skills for young people |
Tordera, Spain
Management options in Tordera
To address the challenges in the Tordera river basin, the Bewater project identified and evaluated 33 water management options in total. There are 7 options addressing the challenge Water quantity, 10 options addressing Health of Water and forest ecosystems, 4 options addressing Water quality and 9 options addressing Integrated Water Management. Several options address more than one challenge.
| Click on the image to enlarge or download the PDF {gallery}results/options/tordera/gallery{/gallery} Overview of the challenges and their potential solutions |
The 33 water management options are briefly described below. More details on these options for the Tordera river basin can be found in its River Basin Adaptation Plans.
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Develop and refurbish facilities to consolidate and extend livestock grazing in the forest. |
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Create specific branding for the commercialisation of extensive livestock products. |
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Expand the Catalan School for Shepherds in the Tordera basin area. |
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Promote rainfed crop production. |
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Revise the Extractions Master Plan. |
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Establish water use entitlement conditions. |
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Promote knowledge transfer on irrigation with reclaimed water. |
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Integrate water saving solutions in construction protocols. |
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Promote the use of renewable energy to power water management infrastructures in small towns and scattered houses. |
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Promote water recycling in production processes. |
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Create "Water User Associations" (WUA). |
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Create a “Permanent Participation Centre” (PPC). |
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Develop a water traceability label for agricultural products. |
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Create a Municipal Adaptation Coordination Board (MACB). |
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Enhance phytotreatment plants in small municipalities and scattered houses. |
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Create an “Integrated Plan for the Protection of the Tordera Delta” (IPPTD). |
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Foster selective fishing. |
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Foster local use of adaptation-to-global-change indicators. |
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Raise awareness. |
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Modernise irrigation techniques. |
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Integrate adaptation principles into water service provider contracts. |
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Enhance environmental protected areas. |
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Water provision guarantee as a precondition for urban expansion. |
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Recover wetlands and their connectivity. |
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Eliminate toxic substances used in municipal parks and gardening practices. |
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Create a catchment agreement to reduce diffuse pollution. |
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Centralise and facilitate access to relevant data on the basin water bodies’ status and uses. |
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Protect groundwater recharge areas. |
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Implement an environmental flow regime. |
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Recover and protect river space. |
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Revise and udpate water entitlements. |
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Develop River custody agreements. |
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Conclude adaptive forest management agreements. |
Vipava, Slovenia
Management options in Vipava
To address the challenges in the Vipava river basin, the Bewater project identified and evaluated 20 water management options. Most options address more than one challenge. There are 16 options addressing Water availability during droughts in growing season, 10 options addressing Flood risk reduction and 13 options addressing Appropriate water quality.
| Click on the image to enlarge or download the PDF {gallery}results/options/vipava/gallery{/gallery} Overview of the challenges and their potential solutions |
The 20 water management options are briefly described below. More details on these options for the Vipava river basin can be found in its River Basin Adaptation Plans.
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Establish an inter-municipal expert working group for the Vipava RB |
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Awareness campaign focused on educating experts involved in surface water management |
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Awareness campaign focused on optimizing water use for farmers, for proper irrigation and minimize impacts on water quality through proper agricultural practices |
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Awareness campaign for local public on impact of their activities on the river |
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Improve the financing system for water infrastructure |
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Upgrade and update the existing network for monitoring the status of water environment |
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Setting up monitoring to reduce pressures on aquatic ecosystems resulting from water abstraction and water storage |
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Construction of water reservoirs on the watercourses in the upper part of the RB |
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Construction of dry reservoirs |
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Reconstruction of existing water reservoir Vogršček |
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Development of new irrigation systems |
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Reconstruction of existing irrigation system |
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Restoration of Vipava river and its tributaries |
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Restoration of old meanders and oxbows of Vipava river and its tributaries |
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Reconstruction of stabilising and transverse constructions from natural stone in the smaller tributaries of Vipava river |
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Improving the system of payment for water used for irrigation |
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Preservation of existing and introduction of new shelterbelts |
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Removal of invasive non-native species |
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Construction of municipal wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems |
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The cultivation of crops that are resistant to climate changes (drought, pests and diseases) |